Black-American Members by Congress

Footnotes

¹Jefferson F. Long was elected on December 20, 1870, by special election, upon the readmission of Georgia to the Union.

²Joseph H. Rainey was elected on November 8, 1870, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Benjamin Franklin Whittemore.

³Hiram R. Revels was elected on January 20, 1870, and presented his credentials before the Senate on February 23, 1870, upon the readmission of Mississippi to the Union.

⁴Robert C. De Large served until January 24, 1873, when the House declared the seat vacant, following an election contest by Christopher Columbus Bowen.

⁵Josiah T. Walls served until January 29, 1873, and was succeeded by Silas Leslie Niblack, who contested the election.

⁶Robert Brown Elliott resigned on November 1, 1874, and was succeeded in a special election by Lewis Cass Carpenter on November 3, 1874.

⁷Josiah T. Walls served until April 19, 1876, and was succeeded by Jesse Johnson Finley, who contested the election.

⁸John R. Lynch took his seat on April 29, 1882, having successfully contested the election of James Ronald Chalmers.

⁹Robert Smalls took his seat on July 19, 1882, having successfully contested the election of George Dionysius Tillman.

¹⁰Robert Smalls was elected on March 18, 1884, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Edmund William McGregor Mackey.

¹¹John M. Langston took his seat on September 23, 1890, having successfully contested the election of Edward Carrington Venable.

¹²Thomas E. Miller took his seat on September 24, 1890, having successfully contested the election of William Elliott.

¹³George Washington Murray took his seat on June 4, 1896, having successfully contested the election of William Elliott.

¹⁴Robert N.C. Nix Sr. was elected on May 20, 1958, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Earl Chudoff.

¹⁵George W. Collins was elected on November 3, 1970, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Daniel John Ronan.

¹⁶William L. Dawson died on November 9, 1970. A vacancy existed through the remainder of the Congress.

¹⁷George W. Collins died on December 8, 1972. A vacancy existed through the remainder of the Congress.

¹⁸Walter E. Fauntroy was elected on March 23, 1971, by special election, upon the approval of Public Law 91-405, the District of Columbia Delegate Act.

¹⁹Cardiss Collins was elected on June 5, 1973, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Representative-elect George W. Collins, before the start of the 93rd Congress (1973-1975).

²⁰Ralph H. Metcalfe died on October 10, 1978. A vacancy existed through the remainder of the Congress.

²¹Andrew Young resigned on January 29, 1977, and was succeeded in a special election by Wyche Fowler Jr. on April 5, 1977.

²²George W. Crockett Jr. was elected on November 4, 1980, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles C. Diggs Jr.

²³Charles C. Diggs Jr. resigned on June 3, 1980, and was succeeded in a special election by George W. Crockett Jr. on November 4, 1980.

²⁴Katie Hall was elected on November 2, 1982, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Adam Benjamin Jr.

²⁵Charles A. Hayes was elected on August 23, 1983, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Harold Washington.

²⁶Harold Washington resigned on April 30, 1983, and was succeeded in a special election by Charles A. Hayes on August 23, 1983.

²⁷Alton R. Waldon Jr. was elected on June 10, 1986, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph Patrick Addabbo.

²⁸Mickey Leland died on August 7, 1989, and was succeeded in a special election by Craig A. Washington on December 9, 1989.

²⁹Craig A. Washington was elected on December 9, 1989, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mickey Leland.

³⁰Lucien E. Blackwell was elected on November 5, 1991, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Gray III.

³¹Eva M. Clayton was elected on November 3, 1992, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Walter Beaman Jones Sr.

³²William H. Gray III resigned on September 11, 1991, and was succeeded in a special election by Lucien E. Blackwell on November 5, 1991.

³³Mike Espy resigned on January 22, 1993, and was succeeded in a special election by Bennie G. Thompson on April 13, 1993.

³⁴Bennie G. Thompson was elected on April 13, 1993, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mike Espy.

³⁵Elijah E. Cummings was elected on April 16, 1996, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Kweisi Mfume.

³⁶Jesse L. Jackson Jr. was elected on December 12, 1995, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mel Reynolds.

³⁷Kweisi Mfume resigned on February 18, 1996, and was succeeded in a special election by Elijah E. Cummings on April 16, 1996.

³⁸Juanita Millender-McDonald was elected on March 26, 1996, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter R. Tucker III.

³⁹Mel Reynolds resigned on October 1, 1995, and was succeeded in a special election by Jesse L. Jackson Jr. on December 12, 1995.

⁴⁰Walter R. Tucker III resigned on December 15, 1995, and was succeeded in a special election by Juanita Millender-McDonald on March 26, 1996.

⁴¹Donna M. Christensen served under the name Donna Christian-Green in the 105th and 106th Congresses (1997–2001).

⁴²Ronald V. Dellums resigned on February 6, 1998, and was succeeded in a special election by Barbara Lee on April 7, 1998.

⁴³Floyd H. Flake resigned on November 17, 1997, and was succeeded in a special election by Gregory W. Meeks on February 3, 1998.

⁴⁴Barbara Lee was elected on April 7, 1998, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ronald V. Dellums.

⁴⁵Gregory W. Meeks was elected on February 3, 1998, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Floyd H. Flake.

⁴⁶Julian C. Dixon died on December 8, 2000. A vacancy existed through the remainder of the Congress.

⁴⁷Diane E. Watson was elected on June 5, 2001, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative-elect Julian C. Dixon, before the start of the 107th Congress (2001-2003).

⁴⁸Frank W. Ballance Jr. resigned on June 11, 2004, and was succeeded in a special election by G.K. Butterfield on July 20, 2004.

⁴⁹G.K. Butterfield was elected on July 20, 2004, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank W. Ballance Jr.

⁵⁰André Carson was elected on March 11, 2008, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his grandmother, Julia May Carson.

⁵¹Julia May Carson died on December 15, 2007, and was succeeded in a special election by her grandson André Carson on March 11, 2008.

⁵²Donna F. Edwards was elected on June 17, 2008, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Albert Russell Wynn.

⁵³Marcia L. Fudge was elected on November 18, 2008, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones.

⁵⁴Stephanie Tubbs Jones died on August 20, 2008, and was succeeded in a special election by Marcia L. Fudge on November 18, 2008.

⁵⁵Juanita Millender-McDonald died on April 21, 2007, and was succeeded in a special election by Laura Richardson on August 21, 2007.

⁵⁶Barack Obama resigned on November 16, 2008, having been elected President of the United States. Barack Obama was succeeded by Roland Burris, who was appointed to the seat on December 31, 2008.

⁵⁷Laura Richardson was elected on August 21, 2007, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Juanita Millender-McDonald.

⁵⁸Albert Russell Wynn resigned on May 31, 2008, and was succeeded in a special election by Donna F. Edwards on June 17, 2008.

⁵⁹Roland Burris was appointed to the Senate on December 31, 2008, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Barack Obama, but his credentials were not in order until January 12, 2009. Roland Burris was not a candidate in the special election for the remainder of the term and served until November 29, 2010.

⁶⁰Jesse L. Jackson Jr. resigned on November 21, 2012. A vacancy existed through the remainder of the Congress.

⁶¹Donald M. Payne died on March 6, 2012, and was succeeded in a special election by his son Donald M. Payne Jr. on November 6, 2012.

⁶²Donald M. Payne Jr. was elected on November 6, 2012, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father, Donald M. Payne.

⁶³Tim Scott was appointed to the Senate on January 2, 2013, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James W. DeMint. Tim Scott was subsequently elected in a special election on November 4, 2014, to the remainder of the term. Tim Scott resigned from the House of Representatives on January 2, 2013.

⁶⁴Alma S. Adams was elected on November 4, 2014, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Melvin L. Watt.

⁶⁵Cory A. Booker was elected on October 16, 2013, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frank Raleigh Lautenberg, succeeding Jeffrey Scott Chiesa, who had been appointed to fill the seat and did not run in the special election.

⁶⁶William "Mo" Cowan was appointed to the Senate on February 1, 2013, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Forbes Kerry. Mo Cowan was not a candidate in the special election for the remainder of the term and served until July 15, 2013.

⁶⁷Robin L. Kelly was elected on April 9, 2013, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Representative-elect Jesse L. Jackson Jr., who declined to take his seat in the 113th Congress (2013–2015).

⁶⁸Melvin L. Watt resigned on January 6, 2014, and was succeeded in a special election by Alma S. Adams on November 4, 2014.

⁶⁹Dwight Evans was elected on November 8, 2016, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Chaka Fattah.

⁷⁰Chaka Fattah resigned on June 23, 2016, and was succeeded in a special election by Dwight Evans on November 8, 2016.

⁷¹John Conyers, Jr. resigned on December 5, 2017, and was succeeded in a special election by Brenda Jones on November 6, 2018.

⁷²Brenda Jones was elected on November 6, 2018, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Conyers Jr.

⁷³Elijah E. Cummings died on October 17, 2019, and was succeeded in a special election by Kweisi Mfume on April 28, 2020.

⁷⁴Kwanza Hall was elected on December 1, 2020, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Lewis.

⁷⁵John Lewis died on July 17, 2020, and was succeeded in a special election by Kwanza Hall on December 1, 2020.

⁷⁶Kweisi Mfume was elected on April 28, 2020, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Elijah E. Cummings.

⁷⁷Shontel M. Brown was elected on November 2, 2021, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Marcia L. Fudge.

⁷⁸Troy A. Carter was elected on April 24, 2021, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Cedric L. Richmond.

⁷⁹Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick was elected on January 11, 2022, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alcee L. Hastings.

⁸⁰Antonio Delgado resigned on May 25, 2022.

⁸¹Marcia L. Fudge resigned on March 10, 2021, and was succeeded in a special election by Shontel M. Brown on November 2, 2021.

⁸²Kamala D. Harris resigned on January 18, 2021, having been elected Vice President of the United States. Kamala Harris was succeeded by Alejandro (Alex) Padilla, who was appointed to the seat on January 18, 2021.

⁸³Alcee L. Hastings died on April 6, 2021, and was succeeded in a special election by Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick on January 11, 2022.

⁸⁴Cedric L. Richmond resigned on January 15, 2021, and was succeeded in a special election by Troy A. Carter on April 24, 2021.

⁸⁵Raphael Warnock was elected on January 5, 2021, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Johnny Isakson, succeeding Kelly Loeffler, who had been appointed to fill the seat and ran in the special election.