*Party division totals are based on election day results.
The 1942 elections reduced Democratic majorities in Congress. To mobilize and coordinate the country’s wartime economy, the 78th Congress (1943–1945) recruited foreign farm laborers and seized vital manufacturing sectors. It repealed the Chinese Exclusion Acts in recognition of its wartime ally and expanded civil programs for its military: authorizing absentee voting; establishing the system of veterans’ preference for government jobs; and creating a network of benefits to assist in their readjustment to civilian life with the G.I. Bill of Rights.
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1Died in office, May 13, 1943.