RAINEY, Henry Thomas

RAINEY, Henry Thomas
Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
About this object
1860–1934

Fast Facts

  • At age 72, Henry T. Rainey of Illinois is the oldest person elected to the Speakership for the first time.
  • First elected to the House during the Progressive Era in 1902, Rainey’s Speakership was made possible in 1933 by the arrival of a huge class of new Democratic lawmakers who had been elected to combat the effects of the Great Depression. As Speaker, Rainey had sought to reform the office to diffuse power among the party’s rank and file. But facing the urgency of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s early legislative agenda, Rainey opted to move administration bills to the floor quickly and with limited time for amendment.
  • Rainey died midway through his first and only term as Speaker in August 1934.

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Concise Biography

RAINEY, Henry Thomas, a Representative from Illinois; born in Carrollton, Greene County, Ill., on August 20, 1860; attended the public schools and Knox Academy and Knox College, Galesburg, Ill.; graduated from Amherst (Mass.) College in 1883 and from the Union College of Law, Chicago, Ill., in 1885; was admitted to the bar in 1885 and commenced practice in Carrollton, Ill.; master in chancery for Greene County, Ill., 1887-1895, when he resigned; elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1921); unsuccessfully contested the election of Guy L. Shaw to the Sixty-seventh Congress; engaged in agricultural pursuits; elected to the Sixty-eighth and to the five succeeding Congresses and served until his death (March 4, 1923-August 19, 1934); majority leader (Seventy-second Congress), Speaker of the House (Seventy-third Congress); died in St. Louis, Mo., on August 19, 1934; interment in the Carrollton Cemetery, Carrollton, Ill.

View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

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External Research Collections

Herbert Hoover Library

West Branch, IA
Papers: 1923-1933. 40 pages. In the Herbert Hoover papers. Contains endorsements for public offices. Finding aid in repository.

Library of Congress
Manuscript Division

Washington, DC
Papers: 1904-1934. 20 containers. Primarily constituent correspondence. Register.
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Bibliography / Further Reading

Baker, William E. "The Political Career of Henry T. Rainey, 1903-1934." Master's thesis, University of Maryland, 1953.

Block, Marvin W. "Henry T. Rainey of Illinois." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 65 (Summer 1972): 142-57.

------. "Henry Thomas Rainey: Some Major Aspects of His Legislative Career." Master's thesis, Illinois State Normal University, 1960.

Field, Walter T. "The Amherst Illustrious: Speaker Rainey." Amherst Graduates' Quarterly 24 (November 1934): 22-24.

Graff, Helen E. "Henry T. Rainey--An American Statesman." Master's thesis, State University of Iowa, 1933.

McCarron, John F. Contested Election Case of Henry T. Rainey vs. Guy L. Shaw. Washington: Judd and Detweiler (Inc.), printers, 1921 [?].

Mumford, William. Contest of Election. Henry T. Rainey, contestant, vs. Guy L. Shaw, contestee. N.p, 1921 [?].

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Elections No. 2. Contested-election case of Rainey v. Shaw. 67th Congress. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1921.

U.S. Congress. House. Memorial Services Held in the House of Representatives of the United States, Together with Remarks Presented in Eulogy of Henry T. Rainey, Late A Representative from Illinois. 74th Congress. 1st session. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1936.

Waller, Robert A. Rainey of Illinois: A Political Biography, 1903-34. Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences, No. 60. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977.

------. "The Selection of Henry T. Rainey as Speaker of the House." Capital Studies 2 (Spring 1973): 37-47.

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